Natural vs. Synthetic Yarns: Weighing the Pros and Cons

There are primarily two categories of fibers: synthetic and natural. Each type possesses unique traits, benefits, and drawbacks, making the choice between them challenging for those unfamiliar with their differences.

This guide provides a clear breakdown of both synthetic and natural fibers, highlighting their distinct characteristics. We'll explore the major differences, advantages, and disadvantages of each fiber type in detail, helping you make an informed decision on which is best suited for your needs.

What Are Synthetic Fibers?

Synthetic fibers, such as nylon, polyester, and polypropylene, are created from chemical polymers. This means that during their production, various chemicals are utilized. Unlike natural fibers, which are derived from plants and animals, synthetic fibers come from non-renewable resources, making them distinct in their origin and environmental impact.

Examples of Synthetic Fibers

The following are some of the synthetic fiber examples:

• Nylon
• Polyester
• Acrylic
• Rayon
• Fleece
• Lyocell
• Satin
• Spandex
• Microfibers

Advantages of Synthetic Fibers

There are many different advantages of synthetic fibers. These advantages can be experienced by wearing clothing made from synthetic fibers.

• Synthetic fibers are very durable and do not wrinkle easily.
• They are soft, strong, elastic, and lightweight.
• Resistant against stains and able to withstand chemical abrasion.
• Synthetic fibers are less expensive compared to natural fibers. 
• They are not attacked by moths and insects.
• They can withstand high levels of heat.
• They are quick to dry.
• Some synthetic fibers offer superior water resistance so they are great for making waterproof outdoor and rain gear.
• They come in a wide range of choices, hence they are more easily accessible than natural fibers

Disadvantages of Synthetic Fibers

When selecting the most appropriate fibers for your needs, it's crucial to be aware of the disadvantages associated with synthetic fibers.

• Synthetic fibers degrade more quickly in the environment and can adhere to the skin. As such, they are not recommended for activities like welding, cooking, or using fireworks due to safety risks.
• These fibers are susceptible to heat damage from activities like hot washing or ironing.
• Synthetic materials often generate static electricity when rubbed against other materials.
• Certain synthetic fibers can be toxic and may cause skin irritation.
• Although cheaper than natural fibers due to mass production, this cost advantage can reflect lower quality.
• Synthetic fibers lack breathability, making them uncomfortable in warm weather.
• They are not biodegradable, posing long-term environmental harm.
• In cold weather, synthetic fibers do not retain body heat well, making them less effective for winter clothing.
• Unlike natural fibers, synthetics absorb little moisture, becoming uncomfortable and heavy when wet, which is particularly disadvantageous during hot weather.

What Are Natural Fibers?

Natural fibers, as suggested by their name, are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals. These fibers offer a variety of benefits.

Natural fibers fall into two primary categories: plant-based and animal-based. Examples of plant-based fibers are cotton, sinew, abaca, linen, jute, and hemp. Meanwhile, common animal-based fibers include wool, silk, and mohair.

Examples of natural fibers

The following are natural fibers examples:

• Cotton
• Sinew
• Abaca
• Linen
• Jute
• Hemp
• Wool
• Silk
• Mohair
• Cashmere

Advantages of Natural Fibers

When selecting fibers for various uses, it's worth considering the numerous benefits that natural fibers offer:

• Natural fibers are known for their softness, comfort, durability, and lightweight nature.
• They have inherent fire resistance.
• Natural fibers excel in absorbing sweat and water, making clothing made from these fibers ideal for summer wear.
• These fibers are gentle on the skin and do not trigger allergies, owing to their hypoallergenic properties.
• Environmentally, natural fibers are superior to synthetic alternatives. They originate from renewable sources, have a smaller environmental impact, and are biodegradable.
• Due to their high absorbency, natural fibers are excellent for making towels and bed sheets.
• They are fully recyclable, supporting sustainable practices.
• Natural fibers possess antibacterial properties and are resistant to mildew.
• They can withstand high temperatures, adding to their versatility and usability in various applications.

Additionally, let's explore the specific benefits of linen, a widely used plant-based fiber:

• Linen is exceptionally strong and durable, often becoming softer and stronger with each wash.
• It is naturally breathable and moisture-wicking, which helps in keeping the body cool and dry.
• Linen also has natural antibacterial qualities and is hypoallergenic, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
• Due to its natural properties, linen is also biodegradable and recyclable, making it an environmentally friendly choice.

Disadvantages of Natural Fibers

While natural fibers come with many benefits, it's essential to acknowledge some of their drawbacks:

• Natural fibers tend to be heavier than synthetic alternatives.
• Generally, natural fibers are more costly compared to their synthetic counterparts.
• They are susceptible to shrinking if washed aggressively.
• Vulnerable to damage from moths and other insects, natural fibers require careful storage.
• Unlike synthetic fabrics, natural fibers are not wrinkle-free, which may require more maintenance such as ironing.

Main Differences between Synthetic and Natural Fibers

Source of Materials

Natural fibers are derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources. In contrast, synthetic fibers are created through chemical processes, resulting in man-made textiles.

Durability

While synthetic fibers are known for their strength and long-lasting qualities, making them highly resistant to wear and tear, natural fibers generally have less durability. However, many natural fibers, whether from plants or animals, still provide significant tensile strength.

Breathability and Moisture Absorption

Natural fibers excel in breathability and moisture absorption, thanks to their inherent fiber structure. Synthetic fibers, however, do not breathe well and are less effective at absorbing moisture.

Spinning Process

The production of synthetic fibers typically involves a spinning process to create filaments, whereas this process is not necessary for natural fiber filament production.

Color

Natural fibers retain their original hues, whereas synthetic fibers are often dyed with color solutions to meet specific design needs.

Eco-friendliness

Natural fibers are more environmentally friendly because they originate from renewable resources and involve fewer chemicals in their production. They are also 100% biodegradable, contributing positively to environmental sustainability. Synthetic fibers, in contrast, can persist in the environment for centuries before degrading.